Human VGF(VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible) ELISA Kit

Description: Recombinant Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible expressed in: E.coli

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mouse VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF)

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF)

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Rat VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of High Sensitive Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF) in samples from serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with FITC.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with HRP.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with PE.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with FITC.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with HRP.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with PE.

Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible (VGF). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.

Description: Method of detection: Double Antibody, Sandwich ELISA;Reacts with: Homo sapiens;Sensitivity: 46.9pg/ml

Description: Pre-made over-expression lentivirus for expressing human target: VGF (VGF nerve growth factor inducible), [alternative names: none]. The sub-cloned codon sequence is identical (100% match) to CDS region in NCBI ID: NM_003378.3. It also contains a RFP-Blasticidin dual selection marker.

Description: Description of target: This gene is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. The structural organization of this gene is similar to that of the rat gene, and both the translated and the untranslated regions show a high degree of sequence similarity to the rat gene. The encoded secretory protein also shares similarities with the secretogranin/chromogranin family, however, its exact function is not known.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 2.8 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: This gene is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. The structural organization of this gene is similar to that of the rat gene, and both the translated and the untranslated regions show a high degree of sequence similarity to the rat gene. The encoded secretory protein also shares similarities with the secretogranin/chromogranin family, however, its exact function is not known.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 28 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: VGF is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. It also shares similarities with the secretogranin/chromogranin family, however, its exact function is not known. This gene is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. The structural organization of this gene is similar to that of the rat gene, and both the translated and the untranslated regions show a high degree of sequence similarity to the rat gene. The encoded secretory protein also shares similarities with the secretogranin/chromogranin family, however, its exact function is not known.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 28pg/mL

Description: Purified Polyclonal VGF antibody

Description: VGF Antibody: VGF was initially identified as a rapidly regulated gene product in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells. This protein is synthesized in neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in the pituitary, adrenal medulla, endocrine cells of the stomach, and pancreatic beta cells. VGF is thought to be involved in organism energy balance and regulation of homeostasis as mice lacking this gene show deficits in these areas. More recent results suggest that VGF is upregulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and can stimulate the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and produce antidepressant-like behavioral effects, suggesting that this pathway may be a suitable target for therapeutic treatments.

Description: VGF Antibody: VGF was initially identified as a rapidly regulated gene product in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells. This protein is synthesized in neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in the pituitary, adrenal medulla, endocrine cells of the stomach, and pancreatic beta cells. VGF is thought to be involved in organism energy balance and regulation of homeostasis as mice lacking this gene show deficits in these areas. More recent results suggest that VGF is upregulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and can stimulate the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and produce antidepressant-like behavioral effects, suggesting that this pathway may be a suitable target for therapeutic treatments.

Description: (CT) VGF peptide

Description: Rabbit polyclonal VGF antibody raised against the middle region of VGF

Description: Rabbit polyclonal VGF antibody raised against the middle region of VGF

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:30-1:150

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/40000

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:3000, IHC:1:50-1:100

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:3000, IHC:1:50-1:100

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000

Description: Description of target: May be involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions or in synatogenesis during the maturation of the nervous system. NERP peptides are involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release. NERP-2 stimulates feeding behavior in an orexin-dependent manner.;Species reactivity: Rat;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 18.34 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: ;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 12.4 pg/mL

Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of VGF antibody, catalog no. 70R-6218

Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of VGF antibody, catalog no. 70R-6219

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This VGF antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human VGF at AA range: 430-510

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This VGF antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human VGF at AA range: 430-510

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This VGF antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human VGF at AA range: 430-510

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This VGF antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human VGF

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This VGF antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human VGF

Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of VGF from Human, Mouse, Rat. This VGF antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human VGF

Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human VGF . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human VGF . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against VGF from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against VGF from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against VGF from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against VGF from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA

Description: This gene is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. The structural organization of this gene is similar to that of the rat gene, and both the translated and the untranslated regions show a high degree of sequence similarity to the rat gene. The encoded secretory protein also shares similarities with the secretogranin/chromogranin family, however, its exact function is not known.

Description: VGF is a protein encoded by the VGF gene which is approximately 67,2 kDa. VGF is secreted and is involved in growth factor activity and neuropeptide hormone activity. VGF is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. It may be involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions or in synatogenesis during the maturation of the nervous system. VGF is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is synthesized exclusively in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells. Mutations in the VGF gene may result in pulmonary large cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Pheochromocytoma. STJ96240 was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen. This polyclonal antibody detects endogenous levels of VGF protein.

Description: VGF is a protein encoded by the VGF gene which is approximately 67,2 kDa. VGF is secreted and is involved in growth factor activity and neuropeptide hormone activity. VGF is specifically expressed in a subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells, and is upregulated by nerve growth factor. It may be involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions or in synatogenesis during the maturation of the nervous system. VGF is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is synthesized exclusively in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells. Mutations in the VGF gene may result in pulmonary large cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Pheochromocytoma. STJ96661 was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen. This polyclonal antibody detects endogenous levels of VGF protein.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Neurosecretory protein VGF in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

Description: Description of target: NERP peptides are involved in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 32 pg/mL

Description: Description of target: May be involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions or in synatogenesis during the maturation of the nervous system.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 3.0 pg/mL

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Nerve Growth Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Nerve Growth Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Nerve Growth Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Description: A polyclonal antibody against VGF. Recognizes VGF from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA

Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Nerve growth factor, NGF in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Nerve growth factor, NGF in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates, cell lysates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Nerve Growth Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Nerve Growth Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Nerve Growth Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.